Multiplication function control



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@cfm l, @Q5-5 L. E, TAYLQR ETAL MULTIPLICATION FUNCTION CONTROL DEVICE 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed. May 26, 1951 Patented Oct. 19, 1954 UNITED STATES ATeNT MULTIPLICATION FUNCTION CONTROL DEVICE Application May 26, 1951, Serial No. 228,404

10 Claims.

This invention relates to calculating machines and is concerned more particularly with a provision of improved means for performing plural order multiplication operations.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved means by which plural order multiplying operations can be carried out in a simplified manner.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cal-culating machine in which the multiplying operations can be selectively controlled by means of a manually operable key to determine the characteristics of the operations to be performed.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved multiplying mechanism for a calculating machine in which the accumulator lcan be preselectively conditioned automatically for a multiplying operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating machine of the character referred to in which a multiplying operation of predetermined characteristics or zeroizing of the accumulator registers can be selectively controlled with one manually operable control key.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a plan view of a calculating machine.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation taken through the machine.

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the right side frame taken on the line 3 3 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary View taken to the right of line 3 3 in Fig. 1 to include the multiply control key.

Fig. 5 is an elevational View of the right side frame taken on the line 5 5 in Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the machine taken on the line 6 6 in Fig. l with a portion of the side frame broken away to show certain mechanisms.

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevational view taken to the left of line 6 6 and indicated at line 'I 'l in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a detailed plan of a part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 7 and is taken on the line 8 8 in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an elevational view of the power setting unit taken on the line 9 9 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is an elevational view of the power setting unit taken from the left side looking at the machine from the front.

Fig. 11 is a complementary view to Fig. 12 taken on the line l2 l2 in Fig. l.

Fig. 12 is a view of the left side frame taken on the line l2 i2 in Fig. 1 showing a portion of the multiplication mechanism.

This invention is illustrated in connection with the type of calculating machine having unidirectional actuators and reversible numeral wheels, as disclosed in Patent No. 2,229,889 issued to Carl M. F. Friden January 28, 1941.

General description Referring to Fig. l the machine includes a bod;7 l5 in which the actuating, selecting, and control mechanisms are mounted, and a carriage i6 which is mounted for endwise shifting movement transversely of body l5 and which carries numeral wheels ll and i3 of the accumulator and revolutions counter, respectively. Numeral wheels ll are provided with projecting twirlers I9 to provide for individual setting thereof. Carriage l can be shifted by power in either direction by manipulation of respective shift keys 29 and 2| through mechanism described in the patent to Anthony B. Machado No. 2,650,761 issued September 1, 1953.

Values are entered into the machine by depression of numeral keys 22 of the usual keyboard in the various ordinal rows thereof, keys 22 being releasable individually by depression of ordinal clear keys 23, or collectively by depression of keyboard clear key 2t. Values introduced into the machine may be registered additively or subtractively on accumulator numeral wheels l1 by depression of plus key 25 or minus key 26, respectively. If desired, add key 28 may be moved forwardly to cause clearing of the keyboard in the usual manner after a single registration in the accumulator.

Values registered in numeral wheels l1 and I8 can be erased, i. e., the registers can be zeroized, by manipulation of respective manually operable resetting handles 29, 39, or by power through depression of return and clear key 3l. Depression of key 3i serves to control either one of two operations preselectively, that of initiating a multiplying operation, which will be described hereinafter or effecting a return of carriage l to the farthest left position and subsequently resetting both the accumulator ll and the counter I8 to 0. Either or neither of the numeral wheels Il or I8 may be reset depending upon the setting of resetting handles 2li and 39 which are adjustable to control selective resetting in a wellknown manner.

The machine is adapted to perform automatic predetermined multiplication by depression of multiplier selection keys 34 to set up the desired multiplier gure as indicated on dials 35 and then depressing key 3i. The sign character of the product to be registered in the numeral wheels l1 is predetermined by a manual selection control key 36 which is located adjacent the multiplier selection keys 34. Normally the control key 35 is positioned for a product with a positive sign character, as indicated by the plus sign in the vieu7 window 31. The second position of the control key 36 conditions the multiplication mechanism for a multiplier correction operation, in which an erroneous multiplier factor is removed from the multiplier selection mechanism. In moving the key 36 downwardly to the third position, the multiplication mechanism is conditioned for a negative sign character registration in the product dials I1. After conditioning the multiplication mechanism for a multiplier correction or negative multiplication operation it is then only necessary to depress the control key 3l to initiate the preselected operation. The multiplying mechanism and the associated control means form the principle subject matter of the instant invention, and are described later in detail.

With the above general organization of parts in mind, various of the above-noted mechanisms will be described in detail insofar as being necessary or desirable to an understanding of the present invention, it being understood that the mechanism which is not described fully may be of conventional construction, such as that disclosed in the patents to Friden Nos. 2,399,917 and 2,371,752.

Selecting and actuating mechanism Within casing l5, the frame includes left and right side frames 45, 46 (Figs. 2, 4 and l0) which are suitably mounted on base i3 and are interconnected by various crossframe members including transverse brackets 41, 48, 49, and 59 for supporting various mechanisms including the selecting and actuating mechanisms.

The values to be introduced into the accumulator numeral wheels I1 are selected by means of a plurality of similar orders of selecting mechanism associated with numeral keys 22. For this purpose each bank or order of keys 22 (Fig. 2) cooperates with a pair of similar parallel springurged value selecting slides 54 mounted for endwise movement by a suitable supporting linkage and extending through suitable slots in crossframe 49. Each slide 54 is provided with cam surfaces of varying inclinations for cooperation with suitable pins on certain keys 22 to effect a differential movement of slide 54 on depression of a key 22. One slide 54 of each order cooperates with the l to 5 keys 22 of a bank, while the other slide 54 of each order cooperates with the 6 to 9 keys 22 of the bank.

Each bank of keys 22 (Fig. 2) has a latching slide 55 of conventional construction associated therewith to latch any depressed key 22 in depressed position against the tension of the spring associated therewith. To release the pressed numeral keys, the latching slides 55 may be operated in any convenient manner by Zero and clear keys 23 and 24, and by power as controlled by movement of add key 28 as later described.

Each selecting slide 54 (Fig. 2) is connected at its rear end with a l-tooth gear 56 slidably and nonrotatably mounted on longitudinal square shaft 51, whereby a movement of slide 54 serves to position the associated gear 56 on shaft 51 with respect to the stepped teeth of the associated actuating drum 58 in accordance with the value of the depressed numeral key 22. A pair of actuating drums 58 for adjacent orders of the machine are mounted on each longitudinal actuating shaft 6l, which is suitably journalled in cross plates 49 and 5I and has a suitable bevel gear connection with transverse shaft 62. Shaft 62 is operable cyclically in a single direction from clutch control driving means as described hereinafter to provide the only path of power flow from the motor.

As seen in Fig. 2, a pair of square shafts 51 associated with each actuating shaft El are positioned above and to either side thereof, while the sets of gears 56 on respective square shafts 51 are offset longitudinally ofthe machine for cooperation with the similarly offset actuating drums 58. By the above arrangement and upon each rotation of the actuating means, a selected number of increments of movement can be imparted to each shaft 51 by the associated actuating cylinder 53 in accordance with the adjusted position of gears 56.

Each shaft 51 is suitably journalled in cross plates 41, 48 and 49, and between plates 41 and 48 has associated therewith selectively settable plus-minus gears for driving an aligned numeral wheel I1. The plus-minus gears of each order of the machine include a spool 1| slidably and nonrotatably mounted on shaft 51 and having opposed lo-tooth bevel gears 12, 13 arranged for selective engagement with gears 14 on numeral wheel shaft 16. The engagement of gears 12 and 13 with gears 14 is controlled by strap 11 which extends transversely of the machine between each set of plus-minus gears 12, 13 and is mounted on similar spaced arms 18 on transverse shaft 19, which is suitably journalled in side frames 45 and 46. Shaft 19 is controlled in a manner hereinafter described to determine positive registration by meshing gears 12 with gears 14, and negative registration by meshing gears 13 with gears 14. In the neutral position shown in Fig. 2, in which gears 12 and 13 may be held normally by suitable spring-urged centralizing means (not shown) associated with strap 11, carriage shifting can be effected.

During both additive and subtractive registrationy of values in numeral wheels I1, suitable transfer mechanism of conventional construction may be operative to effect the tens-transfer as disclosed, for example, in said Patent No. 2,229,889.

Plus and minus keys As previously stated, the plus and minus keys 25 and 26 (Fig. l) are adapted to control positive and negative registration in the accumulator, and for this purpose they may be connected by suitable mechanism not disclosed herein to effect rocking of shaft 19 (Fig. 2) whereby plus key 25 serves to mesh gears 12 with numeral key 26 serves to mesh minus gears 13 with numeral wheel gears 14. The plus and minus keys also serve to engage the clutch and motor circuit by suitable means.

Drive mechanism As stated above, the actuating means is operable cyclically to effect registration in the accumulator of the Values set into the machine by depression of the numeral keys. For this purpose a clutch control drive is provided for the actuating mechanism which preferably forms the only drive means for all power driven parts of the machine. The source of power of the drive means comprises an electric motor provided with drive shaft 82 (Fig. 3) carrying drive gear 83, which is connected by idler gear 84 with gear 8i) journalled on transverse shaft 62 and carrying a driving clutch element. Driven clutch element 83 is secured on shaft 62 and becomes Operative to drive the machine when the clutch control lever 9| is rocked clockwise about its pivot 92. Lever 9| carries roller 93, which seats in a depression on clutch element 88 in the full-cycle position thereof, and in other positions thereof maintains lever SI in its clutch-engaging position.

It is seen, therefore, that one or more cycles of operation of the actuating mechanism can be determined by oscillation of clutch control lever 9|.

Simultaneously with movement of control lever 9 the circuit for the motor is closed, and for this purpose a slide (not shown) carries a pin 94 and is moved rearwardly upon depression of plus key 25 or minus key 26. Embracing the pin 94 (Fig. 3) is a notch 95 in a link 95 supported at its forward end for endwise sliding movement by a pinand-slot connection 9i' and at its rearward end by a pivotal connection to link 98 and lever 99 pivoted at It@ to side frame 46. Lever 99 is likewise pivotally connected at its lower end by a pin ||i| through a suitable opening in the frame 4G with a switch link |02. Thus, rearward movement of link 96, against the urgency of its spring, serves through link 9B to rock control lever 9| clockwise thereby engaging the clutch and through lever 99 and link |52 to close the motor switch (not shown). It will be noted that roller Q3 in maintaining control lever 9| in clutch-engaging position when the actuating means is out of fullcycle position also serves to maintain the motor switch closed, so that the motor circuit can be interrupted only in the full-cycle position of the parts.

Add lcey mechanism As previously explained, when add key 28 is rocked forwardly, the keyboard will be cleared at the end of the first cycle of operation upon depression of the plus or minus keys or can be controlled for release at the end of a plural order operation, for example, a multiplying operation,

as will be later explained.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 5, add key 2B is pivoted for rocking movement on control plate 44, which has been broken away to more clearly show the mechanism previously described. A bellcrank |66 pivoted to side frame 45 at IM has a knuckle engagement with an arm |08 guided for sliding movement on side frame 46. Pivotally connected to the bellcrank |26 is one end of a link |09, the other end of which is connected to add key 28. As seen in Fig. 5, the arm |08 carries a pin II engaging a slotted link I I which is guided at its forward end by engagement with a roller stud I I2 and at its rearward end is pivotally connected to a lever I3 urged in a clockwise direction by spring II4. The lower end of lever H3 is ad justed into and out of the path of a pin I I carried by drum I IS on shaft 62 in accordance with the detented position of the add key. When add key 22 is rocked forwardly from its normally inactive position and maintained by detent |21, the forward end of the link I I I is moved into operative engagement with a pin |22 (Figs. 3 and 5) carried by bellcrank I2| suitably pivoted on side plate 46. Pivotally mounted on bellcrank |2I is a link |22 which is urged by spring |23 to place the notched end |24 thereof into engagement with an extension |25 of key release bail |26 (Fig. 5) which extends across the front of the machine in operative relation with the front ends of the key latching slides 55.

Thus, when the add key 28 is rocked forwardly and link |22 (Fig. 3) is operatively engaged with the extension |25, oscillation of lever II3 by pin ||5 (Fig. 5) will cause endwise reciprocation of link III, oscillation of bellcrank |2I, and endwise movement of link |22 to rock the key release bail |22. It will be seen in Fig. 3 that if link |22 is oscillated in a counter-clockwise direction to operatively disengage its notched end |24 from the extension |25 of the key release bail |26, that this movement will be ineffective to release the keyboard until restoration of the link |22 to the position shown in Fig. 3. This control will be described hereinafter.

Revolutions counter Numeral wheels I8 (Figs. l and 2) of the revolutions counter register the number of actuations of the accumulator numeral wheels El in a conventional manner by the operation of counter actuator I3I, as disclosed, for example, in said Patent No. 2,229,889.

Resetting mechanism Means are provided for restoring the machine to its normal condition between successive operations by shifting the carriage to a predetermined position and by then effecting zero resetting` of either the accumulator or the revolutions counter or both of these registers, as determined by settable control means. This operation is carried out by power driven means under control of a manually operable register return and resetting key. This mechanism is of the general type disclosed in the patent to Carl M. Friden, No. 2,399,917, which issued May '7, 1946, and the aforementioned patent to Machado, No. 2,650,761.

It is to be understood, as previously explained, that key 3i is adapted to perform either of two operations selectively, that of shifting the carriage to the left and Zeroizing the registers therein or initiating plural order multiplication. The latter operation is to be described hereinafter.

On depression of key 3| (Figs. l and 4) a drive connection is established between the power driven resetting mechanism and the actuating means to initiate a carriage shifting and register resetting operation. Key 3| is guided for endwise movement by a spacer stud |35 on side frame 4B and at its lower end by a stud |36 on side frame 44. A transversely extending shaft I3?, j ournalled in side frame 46, auxiliary left side frame |38, and vertical frame plate |32, has secured at its right end an arm |46 (Fig. 4), the bifurcated end of which engages a roller stud |4| on the key 3|. Thus, depression of vkey 3| imparts a clockwise rocking motion to shaft |37 and an arm |22 (Figs. 6 and '7) pinned thereto intermediate its ends. At its outer end, arm |22 is forked to engage an ear |43 formed at right angles on a member |44 which is mounted for endwise movement in the multiplier keyboard plates |45 and normally urged to the position shown by a spring i133.

The left shift and Zero resetting mechanisms become effective under powerwith the opening 0f the driving clutch and closing of the motor switch to shift the carriage to its leftmost position and to zeroize the accumulator and revolutions counter registers. For this operation a downward movement of the member |44 (Fig. 6) and a roller |41 thereon which engages a slot in one end of lever |40, rocks the lever |48 counterclockwise about its pivot |50 on frame plate |38. The roller |49 on the lever |48 serves, therefore, to impart a clockwise rotation to shaft 200 through an arm pinned thereto.

Latching means is provided to hold the member |44 depressed until the conclusion of the operation being performed. For this purpose the member |44 has a V nose |52 formed thereon for engagement with an ear |53 of latch arm |54. The shaft |55, at one end of which arm |54 is pinned, is journalled in side frames |38 and |39. The other` end of shaft |55 has secured thereto a latch release arm |56 which is urged clockwise together with latch arm |54 by a spring |51. Means for releasing the latch |54 and thus member |44 will be described hereinafter.

Referring now to Fig. 5, counter-clockwise rocking of shaft 200 is utilized to engage the clutch and close the motor switch in the following manner. An arm |60 pinned to the shaft 200 has a stud |6| engaging a cam surface at one end of an arm |62 of a bellcrank |63 rotatably mounted on the shaft 250. Another arm |65 of the bellcrank |63 forms a hook for engagement with the pin |0| whereby rocking of shaft 200 causes bellcrank |63 to be rocked clockwise to close the motor switch (not shown) with the forward movement of the link |02 and through lever 99 (Fig. 3) to engage the clutch.

In the operation of the dual purpose key 3| i. e., initiation of a carriage return and register zeroizing operation or a multiplication operation, it is desirable that the automatic keyboard release mechanism be disabled until the end of the last cycle of the operation when it is again enabled. This is effected in the following manner. When bellcrank |63 and an extended arm |56 thereof is rocked clockwise, the roller |61 imparts a counterclockwise rotation to lever |68 through its depending member |69. The lever |08 has a laterally extending pin |10 (Fig. 3) which underlies one end of a lever |1|, the other end of which engages a pin |12 on link |22. As the pin |10 is rocked upwardly, the lever |11 becomes operative to lower the notched end |24 of link |22 out of active engagement with the extension |25 of the keyboard release bail |25 and maintains the link |22 in this position until the last part of the last cycle of the operation.

The manner in which the machine is conditioned for a'left shift of the carriage and a register resetting operation will now be described. For a more complete description of this mechanism reference is to be had to the aforementioned Patent No. 2,650,161.

It will be recalled that depression of the control key 3| rocks the shaft 200 clockwise in Fig. 9 and counter-clockwise in Fig. 10. A bellcrank 400 is pinned to the shaft 200 and has a lower arm 40| which is provided with a stud 402 for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, and an upper arm 403 which is provided with a stud 404. The stud 404 is embraced in a slot 405 in one end of link 406, with a spring 401 connecting stud 494 to the formed-over ear 408 on the adjacent end of the link 406. The other end of link 406 is pinned to an arm 4|0 of a hook member 4|i, by any suitable means such as rivet 4|2. The hook member 4| i is rotatably mounted on an eccentric 4|3 pinned to the shaft 253. The hook member is provided with a second arm 4|4, the

outer end of which is provided with a hook 4|5.

The shaft 259, just mentioned, is connected at its left end (Fig. 7'), by means of beveled gears 260 to a shaft 25| which in turn is connected by beveled gears 262 to main drive shaft 62. By this means the shaft 259 is rotated in synchronism with the main drive shaft. It is thus obvious that the hook member 4| l continuously rocks on its eccentric mounting in synchronism with the main drive shaft whenever the main clutch 88 is engaged and the motor is running.

A bellcrank 420 is pinned to a shaft 250 in a plane immediately adjacent that of the hook 4|5 (Figs. 9 and 10). The upper arm 42| of the bellcrank is provided with a stud 422 which, when the hook member 4| is rocked clockwise through rocking of the shaft 200, will be engaged by the hook 4|5 during its continuous reciprocation. However, when the shaft 200 is in its normal setting, the counter-clockwise position shown in Fig. 9, the reciprocating hook 4|5 cannot engage the stud 422. When the hook 4|5 is rocked to its operative position (clockwise of that shown in Fig. 9) the hook, at its extreme leftward travel will engage the stud 422 and thereupon will rock the bellcrank 420 and the shaft 250 clockwise. It will be understood that the hook 4|5 is effective to pull bellcrank 420 and shaft 250 clockwise only after the member 4|| has been rocked clockwise on its eccentric, for otherwise the hook will not travel in a path which will bring it into engagement with stud 422.

The lower arm 423 of the bell crank 420 is provided with a latching stud 424. Associated with the latching stud 424 is a latching member 425 pivotally mounted on a pin 252 supported by the bracket member 426. The latch 425 is pulled counter-clockwise by a spring 421 tensioned between it and the bracket 426. The latch has a shoulder 428 adapted to engage the pin 424 on the arm 423, thereby latching the bellcrank 420 and shaft 250 in the operative or clutch-engaging position. The latch member 425 is also provided with extension 429 which is engaged by the pin 402 on the bellcrank 400 when the bellcrank and its shaft 200 are rocked in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 9), thereby raising the latch 425 and releasing the shaft 250 for counter-clockwise rotation. As the bellcrank 420 is locked in its rocked position by the latch 425, the rocking of the eccentrically mounted hook 4| is effective to pull it to its extreme latched position and is thereafter disengaged therefrom.

Rocking of the shaft 250 causes engagement of the left shift clutch and zero resetting or clear clutch as will now be explained. Referring to Fig. 10 the shaft 250 has an arm 266 secured thereto, on which a pusher arm 26S is pivoted by any suitable means, such as pin 261. The pusher arm 268 has a shoulder 269 engaging a pin 21|) on an arm 21| which is secured to sleeve 212 rotatably mounted on a shaft 213. Sleeve 212 also carries an arm 214 having a pin 215 thereon which engages a left shift push rod |16 (Fig. 9). Hence, rotation of shaft 250 rocks the arm 214 counterclockwise to move the push rod |15 rearward. This rearward movement of push rod |16 engages the left shift clutch (not shown) and causes the carriage to be shifted to the left in a well-known manner.

Referring to Fig. 6, shaft 250 has secured thereto an arm 280, which carries a pusher arm 28| pivotally mounted thereon at 282. The pusher arm 28| engages a push rod |80 so that rocking of the shaft 250 also causes engagement 9 of the clear clutch (not shown) in the same manner as described in the said Patent No. 2,650,761.

After the carriage l has reached its leftmost position and the zero resetting operation has been effected, a well-known mechanism becomes operative to rock shaft ll clockwise (Fig. 6), and counter-clockwise (Fig` 10) as disclosed in the afore-mentioned patent to Carl M. Friden No. 2,399,917.

Secured to shaft i8! (Figs. 6 and 10) are the arms 238 and 289, each having a bent-over portion thereon underlying the pusher arm 26d and arm 290, respectively. Countenclockwise rotation of arm 286, therefore, raises the pusher arm 268 from engagement with the pin 276 permitting the restoration of the push rod W6 (Fig. 9) to its normally inactive position under the urgency of its spring thereby disengaging the left shift clutch. Likewise, clockwise rotation of arm. 269, therefore, imparts a counter-clockwise rocking movement to arm 296 (Fig. 6) which is rotatably mounted on shaft 250, and through an overlying stud Ztl on pusher arm 28 l, raises the pusher arm out of active engagement with the push rod lil. The spring then becomes operative to restore the push rod i8@ to its normally inactive position and disengages the clear clutch.

Means for releasing the latch arm till! from engagement with the nose |52 of the member it, whereby the control key 3l is free to rise to its normal position, will be described hereinafter in connection with the multiplication operations.

M altz'plier mechanism The selection mechanism for the multiplier factor is of the type disclosed in said Patent No. 2,399,917. Generally, such mechanism comprises a ten-key keyboard including keys 34 (Figs. l and 7), and a pin carriage 36! associated therewith.

The differentially adjusted positions of elements 363 are utilized to -control the number of registrations of the multiplicand in the accumulator l 6 and to shift the accumulator from left to right after multiplication by each multiplier digit to enable correct registration of the next ordinal product. as well as to shift the pin carriage Sill so that the next higher order element 363 comes into controlling position with respect to the operation of the machine. To enable exercise of the above control, means is provided for returning each adjusted element step-by-step to its initial position, this operation being successive from the adjusted rack of the lowest order with the shifting of the accumulator and the multiplier pin carriage following the last step of movement of each rack to condition the machine for operation in the next higher order.

Registration sign character control A manually selective control key S6 (Figs. l, 6 and '7) is provided to control the sign character registration of the product in the accumulator, or to condition the multiplication mechanism for erasing factors erroneously set into the multiplier pin carriage without entry of values into the accumulator'.

The control key 36 is secured to a link. 2l e (Figs. 6 and 7) by suitable screws. On the link Elfi is a benteover portion 2| l at right angles thereto forming a rectangular surface on which the symbols i-, C, and are indicated in that order as seen in Fig. 6. With the key 36 in the normal position shown the plus symbol may be viewed through the window 3l as seen in Fig. l. A detent 2l2 maintains the link 2li) in its adjusted position until the end of the multiplying operation when it is restored to the position shown in Figs. 6 and 'l'. lin each detented position of the link 2 i6, as the key 36 is moved forwardly, the symbols C and will appear in the window 3l in that order. The forward movement of the link 2l@ rocks the shaft 253 and El@ pinned. thereto counter-clockwise through the pin-fandmslot connection 2id with the link 2 i Secured to one end of the shaft 2 it, which is journalled in side frame 36 and frame plate i3d, is an arm 2id (Fig. 11) pivotolly connected to one end of a link 2H'. At its other end the link Zll' is connected to a camming member @it pivoted at 2id to frame plate E39. In the normal position shown in Fig. 12, an extended arm i226 of camming member 2li! engages a roller 22E on a lever 222 which is rotatably mounted on a shaft 223 and carries at its rearward end a stud 36?. In this normal position of the lever 222 the stud 357 is maintained out of active engagement with the top edge i863 of the setting arm 362. Thus, the setting arm 362 and notch 366 are free to be rocked into engagement with the stud Sdi' on lever 363 when a positive multiplication operation is initiated.

Normally notched end 366 of arm 362 is maintained below pin itl as shown in Fig. 12, but can move to active position into engagement with pin 316i under influence of spring Sti when lever 222 is moved to the active position shown. It will be noted that spring 36E provides a yieldable connection whereby arm 362 can be held against movement to active position or moved from active position. Arm 36E engages pin 356 on lever 369 pivoted on the frame and having an ear 3H overlying a .stop on the pin carriage till in the righthand, or normally inactive position of pin carriage Sill, and the active adjustable elements 363 in any shifted position. Therefore, unless a value is set into the pin carriage, no setting of arm 362 can be made.

To condition the multiplication mechanism for a negative multiplication operation the manual control key 36 (Figs. 6 and 7) is selectively moved forwardly to its third position where the minus A symbol is viewed in the window 3l' and the link 2 itl is held by detent 2 l 2. This forward movement of the link 2id through arm 2M rocks the shaft 2i 3 counterwclockwise in Figs. 6 and 7 and clockwise in Fig. l1. Thus, the arm Zit on shaft 253 through the link 2l l (Fig. l2) rocks the camming member 2id and an extended arm 221i thereof clockwise to engage a roller 2225 on the lever 226, which is rotatably mounted on shaft 223, thereby rocking the forward end of lever 226 downwardly. The rearward end (not shown) of lever 226 lies in a plane adjacent the rearward end of lever 222 and carries a stud which normally overlies the top edge of an arrn Slt, the notched end of which is thereby held out of engagement with its associated stud lill on lever 366. The clockwise rocking movement of the lever 226, therefore, moves the stud on the rearward end thereof upwardly to free the arm 3M and the notch therein for engagement with the stud il? upon the initiation of a negative multiplication operation.

As the camming member 2id is rocked clockwise (Fig. i2) the lever 222 is urged to its inactive position by a spring 22T and the stud Sl at the rearward end thereof is moved downwardly into engagement with arm 362 rendering it inoperative.

Arm Sill also has an upward extension engaging pin 35e on lever 369 (Fig. 12), hence, as explained above, the arm 392 or arm 314 can only move to active position if lever 359 is free for movement because of entry of a value into the multiplier pin carriage. Each adjustable element 323 of the multipliei` pin carriage, when in active position, is returned step-by-step and during its last step of movement, the active element 363 (Figs. 6 and 12) engages lever 353 and pin 355 overlying the end of the arm 362 or 314 to move either arm out of engagement with its respective stud 351 or 311 to allow the lever 368, shaft 19, and the plus-minus gears to restore to their neutral position. With the lever 36S in its centralized position, the rocking movement of lever 369 becomes operative also to initiate a right shift of the accumulator carriage and the pin carriage in the same manner as described in said Patent No. 2,399,917.

It is desirable in a negative multiplication operation to disable the zero resetting mechanism so that, although the carriage is shifted to its leftmost position upon initiation of the operation, any factor standing in the accumulatr and revolutions counter registers will not be cleared out.

For this purpose, clockwise rocking of the member 2|3 (Fig. 12) serves to rock a shaft 228 counter-clockwise 'through an upstanding arm 229 pinned thereon and a link 236, the bifurcated end of which is urged by a spring 23| into engagement with a pin 232 on a depending portion of camming member 2|8. Secured to the other end of the shaft 228, which is suitably j ournalled in frame plate |39 and side frame |38, is an arm 249 (Fig. 6) carrying a roller 233 engaging one end of a lever 224 rotatable on shaft 256. The other end of the lever 234 has an ear 235 formed at right angles thereto and underlying a depending portion 236 of the pusher arm 28|. Thus it can be seen that the clockwise rotation of the member 2|8 (Fig. l2) will rock the shaft 228 counter-clockwise or clockwise in Fig. 6 to raise the rearward end of the lever 234 and the ear 235 thereby rocking the pusher arm 28| out of operative engagement with the push rod |80. Therefore the subsequent rocking of shaft 256 and arm 289 is ineffective to engage the clear clutch.

The second or intermediate detented position of the key 36, and therefore the link 2|6, conditions the multiplication mechanism to correct an erroneous factor set in the multiplier pin carriage 35|. It is also desirable in this operation, as in the negative multiplication operation, to disable the zero resetting mechanism. This is to prevent the clearing out of any factor standing in the accumulator which is to be used in a negative multiplication operation following the multiplier correction cycle.

The mechanism for determining a multiplier correction operation will now be described. As the key 36 and its associated link 2 l) (Figs. 6 and '7) are moved forwardly to the second or intermediate detented position thereof, the arm 2|4 hence the shaft 2|3 are rocked counterclockwise in a predetermined arc to rotate the member Zia clockwise (Fig. 12) through the arm 2 i 5 and link 2 |1. This predetermined arcual rotation of member 2 8 is sufcient to permit either of the levers 222 or 226v to be restored to its inactive position under the urgency of its spring. Therefore, a multiplication operation will not ensue upon initiation of a multiplier correction cycle.

As in the negative multiplication operation previously described, the clockwise rocking movement of the member 213 (Fig. 12) through the 12 link 230, arm 229, and shaft 228, rocks the arm 249 (Fig. 6) clockwise to raise the ear 235 of the lever 234 thereby rendering the pusher arm 28| inoperative to engage the clear clutch.

It is desirable in a multiplier correction operation, i. e., in erasing an erroneous multiplier factor in the dials 35 of the pin carriage 36|, to disable the automatic keyboard clearing mechanism, even though the add key 28 has been moved to its active position. Thus, the value set in the keyboard will remain for use in the multiplication operation to follow.

The aforesaid keyboard clear disabling means will now be described in accordance with the movement of the link 2 |53 to its multiplier correction position. This movement of the link 2||l causes a counter-clockwise rotation of an arm 231 (Fig. 6), which is secured to the shaft 2 I3, to move the roller 238 thereon into engagement with a flat 239 of the V nose on an arm 240. As the roller 233 is rocked to this position, the arm 246 and the shaft 24|, to which it is pinned, are given a clockwise rotation. Extending transversely of the machine and journalled in the frames |38 and 46, the shaft 24| serves to impart a clockwise rotation to a bellcrank 242 (Fig. 3) which has a fork 243 engaging a lug 244 on a lever 245 pivoted at 246. The lever 245 has an ear 241 overlying the lip of the notched end |24 of link |22. The ear 241, therefore, becomes operative, upon clockwise rotation of shaft 24|, to rock the notched end |24 out of active engagement with the extension |25 of the keyboard release bail |26. Thus, with the add key 28 in its forward position, whereby the link is in engagement with pin |20, the lip of the notched end |24 reciprocates idly beneath the ear 241. At the conclusion of the operation the pertinent parts are restored to their normally inactive position by a spring 248.

Referring to Fig. l2, mechanism has been provided, preferably, to restore the selective control key 36 to its positive multiplication position, as shown, following the negative multiplication or multiplier` correction operation. This resetting mechanism is conditioned, upon rotation of member 2 I8, by the link 253 pivotally connected at one end to the camming member 2 I 8 and at its otheiI end to a bellcrank 254. Slidably mounted on the bellcrank 254 is a resetting member 255, which has at its forward end a roller 256 and a slot (not shown) embracing a pivot stud 251. At its rearward end the resetting member 255 carries a stud 253, guided by a slot 260 in one arm of the bellcrank 254 and forming a pin-and-slot connection with the depending arm 26| pivoted at 262. Intermediate its ends, the arm 26| has, pivotally secured thereto, a link 263 pivoted to an arm 264, which is pinned to a shaft 265 journalled in a bracket 292 on the vertical frame plate |39 and side frame |38.

Secured to the shaft 265 is a relatively long depending pin 293 (Figs. '7 and 8) which is positioned for cooperation with the tapered end 294 of a cylindrical bushing 295 mounted on the left side bracket of the pin carriage 30| for lateral movement therewith on the guide shaft 291.

To perform an automatic multiplication operation or to correct an erroneous multiplier factor, the pin carriage 30| is ordinally shifted to the right. When it has reached its normally inactive position, the pin carriage is given one more idle shift which is used to restore the pins in the highest order and to release the control key latch in the same manner as shown in said Patent No.

2,399,917. This latter operation it to be described hereinafter. Following this idle shift, the pin carriage 30| returns one step to its normally inactive position under the urgency of a relatively strong spring. This idle shift or overstroke of the pin carriage 30| also serves to restore the control key 36 to the positive multiplication position after a negative multiplication or multiplier correction operation. This is accomplished as follows:

When the control key 35 is moved forwardly from its normal position shown in Figs. 1, 6 and 7, the clockwise rotation of the camming member 2|0 (Fig. 12) through the link 253 rocks the bellcrank 254 counter-clockwise about its pivot 257. This rocking movement of the bellcrank 254 positions the resetting member 255 and the roller 256 thereon for cooperation with the cam 295, which is pinned to the main drive shaft 62. At the same time the stud 258 on the member 255 is moved to the bottom of the slot in the end of the arm 23| for cooperation therewith.

The idle shift or overstroke of the pin carriage, in the last cycle of the operation, then becomes operative to cause the tapered nose 294 of the bushing 235 to cam the pin 293 and the shaft 255 in a clockwise direction (Fig. 7) and counter-clockwise in Fig. 12. This rotation of the shaft 255, thru the arm 254 and link 253, causes the arm 25| to slide the resetting member 255 and the roller 256 forwardly for operative engagement with the cam 206 in the last cycle of the machine.

It will be remembered, as explained above, that the pin carriage 30| is spring-urged to its normally inactive position immediately following the overstroke thereof. As shown in Fig. 8, with the carriage 30| in its normally inactive position the bushing 295 is no longer operative to retain the shaft 255 in its rocked position. For this purpose, therefore, a latch 304 (Fig. 12) has been provided. One arm 305 of the latching member 304 is urged into engagement with a stud 306 on the cam 296 by a spring 307. Thus, when the cam 293 moves out of its full-cycle position shown, the spring 307 causes the hook nose 303 of the latch 304 to engage an extension of the pivot pin 309 to hold the resetting member 255 extended against the urgency of its spring 3|0, which is hooked at its one end to a depending ear 31| of .f

the bellcrank 254,. Therefore, as the shaft 52 rotates counter-clockwise in driving the machine, the cam 235 secured thereto becomeseffective in the last part of the last cycle to engage the roller 255 and rock the bellcrank 254 clockwise thereby restoring the key 33 to its initial position. Immediately following this the stud 305 on the cam 296 engages the arm 305 of the latch 304 to release the hooked nose 308 thereof from the pin 309, whereby the arm 25|, link 253, arm 254, shaft 255, and the pin 293 are restored to their normal positions by the spring 3| and resetting member 255.

Release for the multiplication and return clear control key The release of the multiplication and return clear control key 3| (Figs. 1 and 4) is controlled in the manner disclosed in said Patent No. 2,399,917. Briefly, as the pin carriage 30| is shifted to its normal inactive position it engages the upright end of pivoted spring-urged bellcrank 342 to effect rocking movement thereof. As seen in Figs. 6 and 7, the other end 34| of bellcrank 342 is operatively related to the lower end of lever |56 of the key latch assembly so that the rocking movement of bellcrank 342 acts to move the ear |53 of the latch arm |54 out of engagement with the V nose |52 of the depressed member |44, which is therefore free to rise. Hence, the arm |42 rotates the shaft |37 and arm |40 counter-clockwise (Fig. 4) to restore the control key 3| to its normal position.

Operation The operation of the machine will be summarized briefly with respect to the various multiplication operations and return clear operation controlled by the key 3|. Entry of the multiplicand in the keyboard by depression of selected keys 22 and setting of the multiplier factor into the pin carriage 30| by depression of selected keys 32 serves to cause an escapement shifting of the pin carriage a number of steps corresponding to the number of multiplier digits. Assuming then that the sign character control key 36 is in its normal position, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 for a positive multiplication operation, depression of the control key 3| rocks the shaft |37 and the arm |42 to depress the member |44 which -controls the lever |48 to rock the shaft 200. This rotation of the shaft 200 serves to condition the mechanism for engaging the carriage left shift clutch and the zero resetting or return clear clutch. Rocking of shaft 200 also serves to engage the driving clutch and to close the motor circuit. Simultaneously, depression of the member |44 rocks the arm 382 and arm 384 integral therewith to move the link 385 forwardly, thereby rocking the bellcrank 307 (Fig. 12) counterclockwise about its pivot 308 to tension the spring 33|. Therefore, with the key 35 set for a positive multiplication operation, the stud 357 on the rearward end of lever 222 is rocked out of engagement with the setting arm 362 so that it is free to rise and engage the notch 356 with the stud 307 when the accumulator carriage reaches its leftmost position.

After the carriage has been shifted to its leftmost position and the registers have been zeroized, the arms 223, 229 (Figs. 6 and 10) become effective through rocking of the shaft ISI to raise the left shift pusher arm 252 and clear pusher arm 23| to release their respective clutches and initiate a multiplication operation. To raise the pusher arm 23% through the stud 29|, the arm 299 is .rocked and a stud 3|5 at one end thereof engaging a rie-tch in a link 3|6 imparts a clockwise rotation to the shaft 435 through an arm 3H.

Referring new to l2, rocking of the shaft 438 moves the latch pawl 433 from beneath the stud 337 on the lever M3. Consequently, the forward end of the lever 4 l 5 is free to drop under urgency of a spring 222 since the depression oi the control key 3| has rotated the shaft |37, bellcrank and stud 432 thereon counterclockwise to release the latch belle-rank 523 from its engagement with an ear at the forward end of lever lili?. Releasing the lever ll-1i for movement initiates the automatic multiplication cycle. For a more complete disclosure of this automatic multiplication cycle reference is to be had to Patent No. 2,399,917.

The operational control from the key 3| for a negative multiplication operation is the same as that fer the positive multiplication operation eX- cept as follows.

ylith the sign character control key 35 positioned foi` a negative multiplication operation the camming member 218 moves the arm 229 counter-clockwise (Fig. 12) through link 230 to rock the shaft 22S and the arm 249 clockwise (Fig. 6) thereby causing the lever 234 and the ear 235 thereon to raise the pusher arm 23| out of active engagement with the push rod |80. Thus, a zero resetting operation is prevented even though depression of the control key 3| is effective through shaft 23B to cause the shaft 259 to be rotated. However, this rotation of the shaft 25B is utilized to engage the left shift clutch whereby the register carriage is shifted to its leftmost position where it becomes effective to rock the shaft 181 and the arms 28S, 289 to disable the left shift pusher arm 263 (Fig. l) and rock the arm 299 and therefore the shaft 438 clockwise in Fig. 6. Thus, the latch pawl 436- (Fig. l2) is moved from beneath the stud 431 permitting the forward end of the lever 416 to drop, thereby causing the setting arm 314 to engage the stud 311 since the rocking of the camming member 218 has moved the lever 226 clockwise to enable the setting arm 314 to be raised under the urgency of its spring (not shown). Consequently, a negative registration is effected in the accumulator registers.

To perform a multiplier correction operation the manual selection key 33 is moved to its second or middle detented position and although the register carriage is shifted to the left, upon depression of the control key 31, the zero resetting mechanism is disabled as in the negative multiplication operation described above. It is desirable, however, during the multiplier correction cycle, to prevent registration in the accumulator dials. Therefore, when the camming member 218 is rocked one-half of its arcual movement, the levers 222 and 22E (Fig. 12) are restored to their inactive positions by their respective springs. Thus, the setting arms 392 and 314 are held from engagement with their respective studs 361 and 311 while the adjustable elements 303 (Fig. 7) and their associated dials 35 are restored step-by-step to 0 in the same manner as shown in the aforesaid Patent No. 2,399,917.

The depression of the control key 31 for a carriage return and clear operation will now be described.

When there is no multiplier factor entered in the pin carriage 3111 and, therefore, the pin carriage has not been moved from its inactive or rightmost position, the automatic multiplication mechanism is disabled as disclosed in the said Patent No. 2,399,917.

With this in mind, it will be recalled that depression of the control key 31 through shaft 131 (Figs. 1 and 6) rocks the arm 142 to depress the member |44 and through lever |48 and arm 151 rotates the shaft 299. This rotation of the shaft 299 and arm U3 (Fig. 9) conditions the machine for a left shift movement of the register carriage and a zero resetting operation. When the carriage has reached its leftmost position it becomes effective to rock the shaft 18| and the arms 288, 289 (Figs. 5 and l0) to disable the left shift pusher arm 268 and through the arm 290 and stud 291 to raise the pusher arm 28| to its inactive position. This movement of the arm 29B through the stud 315 thereon, the link 316, and the arm 311 causes a clockwise rotation of the shaft 438. Referring now to Figs. 7 and l2, as the shaft 438 is rotated, the latch paw1 436. is moved out of engagement with the stud 431 thereby releasing the lever 416 to initiate a cycle of operation in which the pin carriage 30| is 16 shifted one step beyond its inactive position to move the bellcrank 342 and thus release the depressed control key 31 in the same manner as shown in the said Patent No. 2,399,917.

We claim:

1. A control mechanism for calculating machines comprising: a positionable selection key operable in each of a plurality of positions to determine a machine operation, a control key for initiating a plurality of preselected operations determined by said selection key, a multiplication sign character determining means controlled by said selection key, a register Zeroizing means normally operated by depression of said control key, means associated with said sign character determining means for disabling said zeroizing means in certain positions of said selection key, and a latch for maintaining said control key depressed during the initiated operation.

2. In a machine of the character described having a cyclically driven actuating mechanism, an accumulator, shifting means for said accumulator, a zero resetting mechanism for zeroizing said accumulator, and a multiplying mechanism comprising: a multiplication sign character selection key normally set for positive multiplication, a settable member controlled by said selection key for determining the sign character of a multiplication operation, a single control key for initiating a plurality of operations including multiplication predeterminable by said selection key, and means operative by said settable member to enable said zero resetting mechanism with the said selection key in its normal position and to disable the zero resetting mechanism with the said selection key moved from its normal setting when the depression of said control key is eifective to enable said shifting means and initiate a multiplication operaion.

3. In a calculating machine having a cyclical- 1y driven actuating mechanism, a keyboard in which the values of a multiplicand are set, an accumulator for registering the product of a multiplication operation, and a multiplying mechanism comprising: a carriage for receiving a multiplier factor, a three positional selection key operable to control said multiplying mechanism when a factor has been entered in said carriage, said key normally set in a rst position for enabling positive multiplication, and having a second position adapted to enable zeroizing of the said carriage when an erroneous multiplier has been entered therein, and also a third position for the said three positional selection key adapted to enable a negative multiplication operation, a single control key for cooperation with said selection key to initiate one of a plurality of operations predetermined by said selection key, and a resetting means rendered effective by said carriage at the end of the last cycle of operation to restore said selection key to its normal position when displaced therefrom.

4. In a machine of the character described having a cyclically driven actuating mechanism, an accumulator, shifting means for said accumulator, a zero resetting mechanism for zeroizing said accumulator, and a multiplying mechanism comprising: a carriage for receiving a multiplier factor, a three positional selection key, said key normally set in a rst position for enabling positive multiplication, and having a second position adapted to enable zeroizi'ng of the said carriage when an erroneous multiplier has been entered therein, and also a third position for the said three positional selection key adapted to enable a negative multiplication operation, a control key for cooperation With the said selection key to initiate a plurality of operations, means operative with the said selection key in its second and third positions to disable the said zero resetting mechanism, and a movable member cooperating with said control key to engage said shifting means thereby moving the said accumulator to an eXtreme end position.

5. In a calculating machine having a cyclically driven actuating mechanism, a keyboard in which the values of a multiplicand are set, an accumulator for registering the product of a multiplication operation, and a multiplying mechanism comprising: a carriage for receiving a multiplier factor, a three positional selection key, said key normally set in a iirst position for enabling positive multiplication, and having a second position adapted to enable zeroizing of the said carriage when an erroneous multiplier has been entered therein, and also a third position for the said three positional selection key adapted to enable a negative multiplication operation, a control key for cooperation With said selection key to initiate a plurality of operations, a cam member associated with said carriage, a resetting means for restoring the said selection key to its normal position when olisplaced therefrom, said resetting means being adjustably conditioned by said cam member for operative engagement with the said cyclically driven actuating mechanism in the last cycle of operation, a latching means for retaining said resetting means in an adjusted position until the end of the last cycle of operation, and a latch releasing means controlled by the said cyclically driven actuating mechanism for causing said resetting means and said latching means to be restored to a normally inactive position.

6. In a machine of the character described having a cyclically driven actuating mechanism, a keyboard, a keyboard release mechanism, an accumulator, a shifting means for said accumulator, a zero resetting mechanism for Zeroizing the said accumulator, and a multiplying mechanism comprising: a carriage for receiving a multiplier factor, a three positional selection key, said key normally set in a first position for enabling positive multiplication, and having a second position adapted to enable zeroizing of the said carriage when an erroneous multiplier has been entered therein, and also a third position for the said three positional selection key adapted to enable a negative multiplication operation, a control key for cooperation with the said selection key to initiate a plurality of operations, means operative with the said selection key in its second position and the control key depressed to disable the said keyboard release mechanism thereby retaining the value set in the said keyboard, a movable member cooperating with said control key to engage said shifting means thereby moving the said accumulator to an extreme end position, and means operative with the said selection key in its second and third positions to disable the said zero resetting mechanism upon depression of the said control key.

'7. A multiplaction control mechanism for a calculating machine comprising: a cylically driven actuating means, a shiftable carriage for receiving a multiplierl factor, a three positional selection key, said key normally set in a first position for enabling positive multiplication, and having a second position adapted to enable zeroizing of the said carriage when an erroneous multiplier has been entered therein, and also a third position for the said three positional selection key adapted to enable a negative multiplication operation, a control key cooperating with said selection key to initiate a plurality of operations, a resetting means effective at the end of the last cycle of operation to restore said selection key to its normal position when displaced therefrom, mechanism controlled by said selection key in the said second and third positions to regulate said resetting means, an adjustment means to condition said resetting means for operative engagement by said cyclically driven actuating means, a cam member associated with said carriage to control the said adjustment means with an overstroke movement of saidcarriage in the last cycle of operation, and a latching means cooperating with said cyclically driven actuating means and said adjustment means to retain the said resetting means in its adjusted position until the end of the last cycle, whereby the said selection key is restored to its normal position and the said latching means is released to cause the said resetting means and said adjustment means to return to a normally inactive position.

8. In a calculating machine having an ordinally shiftable carriage, a register in said carriage, a control key, shifting means for ordinally moving said shiftable carriage to an extreme end position controlled by said key, a aero resetting means preselectively controlled by the same said key adapted to restore said register to 0, and a multiplying mechanism comprising: a manipulable selection means normally operatively positioned to predetermine one operational control of said key and movable to predetermine the second operational control of said key, an ordinal multiplier receiving means, means ordinally operable by said multiplier receiving means for controlling said multiplying mechanism, and means operative by said ordinally operable means to enable an automatic movement of said manipulable selection means to its normal position when moved therefrom.

9. In a calculating machine having an ordinally shiftable carriage, a register in said carriage, shifting means for moving said shiftable carriage to an extreme end position, power setting means for engaging said shifting means, a single control key, and a multiplication mechanism rendered operative by said control key comprising: a manually operable selection means to predetermine the control of said key in a multiplication operation, a multiplier receiving means for controlling ordinal shifting of said ordinally shiftable carriage, means operative by said key to enable said power means in any position of said manually operable means, and means controlled by said multiplier receiving means for rendering said power setting means effective to engage said shifting means without the initiation of a multiplication operation upon manipulation of said control key,

10. In a machine of the character described having a keyboard, an accumulator, registers in said accumulator for receiving values set into said keyboard, means operative for causing shifting of said accumulator to an end position and zeroizing of said registers, a multipurpose control key for eiecting a plurality of operations, latching means for said control key, and a multiplication mechanism comprising: a multiplier keyboard, a cyclic multiplication control mechanism '19 operative to receive a multiplier factor from said multiplier keyboard, a manually positionable selection key normally positioned to effect operation of said multiplication mechanism upon operation of said control key, means operative to control said shifting and zerozing means upon depression of said control key in cooperation with said selection key in a moved position thereof, means operative by said multiplication control mechanism, upon nonentry of a multiplier factor therein, to disable said multiplication mechanism and enable said last-named means in the moved Aposition of said selection key, and a release mechanism for said latching means effective by the said cyclic control mechanism to release said control key.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

